Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Information Systems Analysis and Design

Question: Depict about the Report for Information Systems Analysis and Design. Answer: Presentation The premise is on the centralization of the investigation and the recognizable proof procedure in the business of human services. There have been reflections which are received for the expansion of the administrations alongside adjusting the administrations for the human services. The usage depends on the OO plan ideas for the administrations in the medicinal services association. There have been associations of the items for the diverse framework space with the utilization of the UML area model. The relationship of the medicinal services depends on dealing with the online instruments and the individualized instructing strategies. (George et al., 2015). The recognizable proof of administrations is imperative to be adjusted for the expansion of the human services advancement. The alterations of the business design are set through a globalization procedure which makes changes in the general public with specific difficulties and the chances. There have been impacts which identifies with the general social insurance worries in a sound life. The associations between the globalization and their effect has a significant spotlight on the manageability, upgrade of innovation with the market improvement. In the medicinal services industry, the procedures have been set to characterize the communication of the business with the clients so as to rethink the occasions which are managed under the globalized factors, with specific choices. OO plan answer for the administration There have been various arrangements of the item model which portray the progressive structure of the articles alongside distinguishing the connections, qualities and the tasks being directed by them. The dynamic model work on the portrayal of the diverse grouping of tasks which incorporate the ideal opportunity for the assortment of the state graphs for the article classes. The utilitarian portrayal is the examination of the information stream graphs which have an appropriate affiliation, ascribe and the administrators to deal with the diverse social situations. (Stamatakis et al., 2013). The methodology of the top-down structure depends on permitting the utilization, reuse and the cloning of the diverse normalized parts. The OO structures have been for the improvement of a smoothes out methodology with the investigation of the various offices of the administrations which influence the business disappointment or the achievement. These are the analytic offices, pharmaceutical wholesa lers and retailers, clinical preparing organizations and the clinical data and so on. Suggested COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) programming bundles The Microsoft office is the bundled programming answer for an appropriate business approach in the social insurance. This has been characterized and intended to be executed with no specific requirement for the customization. The items identified with it are prepared available to be purchased. Another model is the antivirus programming which helps in taking care of the non advancement sold of the things in the commercial center. The items have been surrendered intelligibility and are totally easy to use. The COTS bundle has been for the recognizable proof of the client jobs and the personas which direct to the use of various bundles so as to accomplish the objectives of the business. (DePasse et al., 2013). The utilization of the highlights, occasions and the procedures of the business are for the most part to characterize the usefulness where the occasions are not briefly. The name of the business strategies is for distinguishing the various gauges, rules and the guidelines to meet the execution with the theoretical information model. There have been sure quality credits which hold to the presentation, unwavering quality, security and the convenience of the framework. In social insurance, COTS programming bundles have been utilized for the viably moving of the business ne twork. The models help in focusing about how to limit the distinctive antagonistic results of the change with the job of the individuals. The models have been determined to the premise of advancement and occupation helps process. Self-Assessment The PC helped process arranging depends on taking care of the distinctive innovation process with the pieces of assembling. This incorporates the arranging of the various procedures alongside deciding the succession of the assembling tasks which will be significant for the documentation of the working arrangement. This is known as the procedure sheet strategy which contains the arrangements of the business activities alongside the other creation process apparatuses. For the self-evaluation in the business, there is a need to concentrate on the individual data and the business related data of the specialists and the medical attendants. (Ghorbanian et al., 2015). This will help in the wellbeing data the executives. The patient assistance and the help will prompt the acquirement and the settlement of the accessible medication stores and items. The business insight techniques are to control the information the executives procedure with the checking and the control of the various strategi es for the innovation utilized in the medical clinics. With the adjustment in the social insurance administrations, there is improvement of the innovation to plan the authoritative information mapping through the acknowledgment of the business procedure. With the evolving forms, there have been Healthcare Quality Association with the improved administrations for the fulfillment of the patient. This emphasis on computing the distinctive number of the items alongside the sum for the waste administration treatment. The exploration depends on the frameworks which hold the ideal opportunity for the specialists at the hour of crisis. The framework is set to deal with the DFD with the ERD help to investigate the diverse element highlights of the framework. The patients can encounter an upgrade in the administrations with legitimate investigation of the information. The procedure arranging device helps in breaking down the various exercises and the capacities with the definite designs to chip away at the details, tasks, work principles and the tooling procedure. The procedure plans are through the bit by bit work which incorporates the individual tasks with set-up of directions and the quality affirmation of the checkpoints. This will prompt the variation procedure of the arranging and the generative kind of the PC supported procedure arranging. An appropriate arranging and the errand building requires to set the characterized capacities with the foundation of the framework explicit highlights alongside advancing plans in the straight way. This will help in fulfilling the mixes of the diverse unique frameworks and procedures according to the accessibility of the machining assets. The structured methodologies are for the self-evaluation where there have been intelligent PC collaborator wellbeing dangers appraisals. The examination depends on the points of view of the idea mapping which incorporates the meetings to generate new ideas and the up close and personal investigation of the web based putting away meetings. Reference George, J., Kumar, V., Kumar, S. (2015). Information Warehouse Design Considerations for a Healthcare Business Intelligence System, InWorld Congress on Engineering. Stamatakis, E., Weiler, R., Ioannidis, J. (2013).Undue industry impacts that twist human services research, procedure, consumption and practice: a review.European diary of clinical investigation,43(5), 469-475. DePasse, J. W., Lee, P. T. (2013) A model for turn around innovationin wellbeing care,Globalization and health,9(1), 1. Ghorbanian, An., Ostadi, B., Chaharsooghi, S. K. (2015) Developing a Hybrid Business Process Model Based on Simulation-Knowledge Management,Management and Administrative Sciences Review,4(2), 306-324.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Nursing related Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Nursing related - Assignment Example he benefits ought to be granted by the difficult work and instructive guidelines of the APN while as yet guaranteeing they follow the set lawful necessities and methods of the state. This part will be met through building up great connection with the credentialing individuals and the remainder of the staff for help just as demonstrating my adequacy and effectiveness in the foundation. The most prominent of the difficulties is the security issue. Protection is pivotal in any establishment of the patient’s records. With innovation, the security challenge has expanded immensely because of sharing of emergency clinic server and henceforth leaving the data accessible to programmers. The best of the arrangements is to separate to continue changing the passwords as the most essential of the arrangement just as build up various access codes that need explicit distinguishing proof data that is just given to the medical clinic staff. The codes ought to likewise be continually changed to keep the data from simple access. The reinforcement data ought to be gotten to by not many people and just accessible with high security

Sunday, August 2, 2020

Top UK University Places for Sale

Top UK University Places for Sale The OE Blog Amidst the chaos of a failing university funding scheme “in free-fall” before it has even come into effect, the government has made a controversial and hugely criticised attempt to wrestle UK universities back onto the right track. Universities Minister David Willetts heads a coalition desperately scrambling to pull the shreds of their failing scheme about themselves, as the vast majority of English universities have elected to charge the maximum figure of £9000 tuition fees, making a mockery of the government calculations of a £7500 average figure. In what has been interpreted as a desperate and reckless move under enormous pressure to rectify the tuition fees debacle, Willetts has announced that the government are considering methods of creating extra university places outside the set ‘quota’ of public funding. Ostensibly, he claims the government is keen to explore methods of increasing the total number of university places available by allowing businesses and charities to sponsor “off-quota” places through schemes similar to that already outlined by employer KMPG. Willetts says that the creation of these extra places would free up public funding, thus allowing more students from lower income backgrounds the opportunity to attend university. But there has been an instant and overwhelming backlash to the plans by campaigners, students and academic institutions alike. They fear that this approval of “off-quota” places free from public funding opens an elitist and unfair avenue of opportunity for students whose parents are rich enough to pay for places at top UK universities. Chairman of the Sutton Trust Peter Lampl claimed the scheme would “deal a serious blow to social mobility, allowing the better-off to buy advantage in the university system”, whilst student union leaders immediately slammed the plans as “manifestly unfair and elitist”. Protesters have been quick to draw parallels with the old higher education system and its university: polytechnic divide; where richer students were able to pay for a better degree at an academically superior institution. UCU lecturers’ union leader Sally Hunt warned that the government risks “turning the clock back to a time when breeding rather than brains was required to get on in life”, whilst Cambridge Union President Rahul Mansigani protested “it simply cannot be the case that Daddy’s money can buy you a place at this university”. Making a complete mockery of the protest slogan “education not for sale”, this latest government gambit follows a long trail of poorly thought out and quickly executed plans and amendments within a scheme already revealing gaping holes and inconsistencies. David Barclay, Oxford University Student Union President, summed up the views of protesters and public alike when he declared the move simply indicated “total desperation from a government whose universities policy is in free-fall”.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

The Naturalist Known as Theodore Dresier Essay - 1214 Words

The Naturalist known as Theodore Dreiser Throughout history there has been many great authors that have created even greater works, and some people refer to these as classics. However, what truly makes an authors’ work a classic? â€Å"The idea of a classic implies something that has continuance and consistence, and which produces unity and tradition, and transmits itself, and endures.† â€Å"A true classic, is an author who has expressed his thought, and who has spoken to all in his own peculiar style† (Hutchins). Theodore Dreiser is the epitome of this very definition. Dreiser drew upon his upbringing, life experiences, and the situations of his family members and transformed these collective experiences into his very first novel, â€Å"Sister†¦show more content†¦Much like many of his other themes and symbols, this one also came as a result of his experiences, most notably his childhood. Before he was born, his father owned a mill that eventually burned down. This event caused him to turn into a cynical, bitter man who abused and tortured his family mentally. This led to Dreiser coming to the conclusion that â€Å"man is a pawn in the hands of a blind or malevolent fate† (Warren 11). This idea of fate can be further explained as Dreiser accepting that no one can change the future and whatever is meant to happen to them will happen, whether it be good or bad. This quote shows him coming to grips with the idea of human suffering, which he later in life proves to be true in his quest for achievement in the big industrial cities. Blind fate exists heavily in the â€Å"Sister Carrie† and can be a positive or negative thing. For example, the main character Carrie becomes an immensely successful person while trying simply because of fate (where she and others happen to be at certain times). Another example is George Hurstwood who cheated on his wife and subsequently abandoning her by having an affair with Carrie (Dreiser). Blind fate plays its han d here by eventually leading to Hurstwood’s suicide after being abandoned by Carrie, much like he abandoned his wife and child. This is an example of blind fate simply because it was by chance that he met Carrie and ultimately because of that same chance that

Monday, May 11, 2020

Advertising Is An Visible Constant Presence Essay

Even when we’re blissfully unaware, we are being persuaded. In today’s media driven world, advertising is an almost constant presence. It is on television, in the films we watch, all over our social media accounts, and even plastered on the walls of locations that we visit every day. Advertising is meant to market a product or service to a consumer, utilizing mostly tactics of persuasion to do so. Because advertising is so continually present, companies must be more innovative than ever with their persuasive methods. Depending on the product or service, these methods vary but some of the popular ones include appealing to the internal attitudes of the consumer by using strategic and repetitive methods for the delivery of the message to appeal to the target audience. Virtually all industries do this, though a unique example of persuasion in advertising is found in the medical and health industries; the United States is one of the few countries that allows direct-to-consum er advertising for pharmaceuticals. The healthcare industry has always had the ability to advertise but with the new medical advertising, its budget for marketing has exploded as well. The Food and Drug Administration, also commonly referred to as the FDA, previously banned direct-to-consumer advertising for drug companies, but the restriction was lifted in 1997 and a new age of medical advertising was born. Previously, various medications and health services were found directly through a visit to a doctor’sShow MoreRelatedPepsi Lipton and Brisk651 Words   |  3 Pageswith viral ads in the month following the Super Bowl ad? Why? Answer: Background: Mekanism (new digital media advertising agency hired by PLP) was tasked to work on re launch of Brisk Iced tea, a RTD (ready to drink) tea brand which was launched in mid-1990s by PLP (Pepsi Lipton Tea Partnership) and had its glory in 90s and later became stagnant. Brisk’s first major advertising campaign was launched in 1996, was a series of television and print ads featuring clay based animation versions ofRead MoreWhy Should A Realtor Or Any Property Seller Care About The Internet Of Foreign Languages?1651 Words   |  7 PagesHow to Promote Real Estate for Sale to Foreign Buyers: Your Own Foreign Website or Ads on Foreign Real Estate Portals? Why should a realtor or any property seller care about the internet presence in foreign languages? According to Wikipedia that cites various sources, English only occupies about half of the internet nowadays and what is even more important, the number of websites in other languages is growing rapidly. From the beginning of this century the use of English online increased by aroundRead MoreIntroduction Most websites that are created normally fail to generate any sales or leads because1300 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Most websites that are created normally fail to generate any sales or leads because they are not seen by consumers. Businesses need to find out how to make their online presence greater in order for their business website so succeed. Multi-Purpose search Engines There are so many search engines to choose from, and they all specialise in different things. The most popular search engine used worldwide is Google. It would beRead MoreMarketing Strategies For Young Girls1406 Words   |  6 Pagessuccessful in reaching young girls, despite the different marketing strategies utilized. In spite of its target demographic, both advertisements also attempt to appeal to the consumer’s mother. In the 2010 advertisement, the mother has a strong and visible presence alongside her daughter; the advertisement even speaks directly to the mother, and to the daughter, saying, â€Å"Ask your mom to visit AmericanGirl.com or the American Girl store† (Official American Girl). By speaking directly to the mother, the companyRead MoreThe Mission Of Cortland County Historical Society1712 Words   |  7 Pages Cortland County Historical Society proposes this marketing plan to seek funding to further our advertising objectives. This plan will serve as a guide line for our 2017 advertising and promotions. The mission of Cortland County Historical Society is: every community draws strength from an appreciation of its past. The Cortland County Historical Society serves a critical role in Cortland County through the collection, preservation and interpretation of artifacts and documents representative ofRead MoreMarketing Channels1482 Words   |  6 Pagesat any number of weekly advertisements and you will be able to see the same product advertised in numerous ways across numerous vendors. These various ways of advertising the same product across multiple vendors can also be referred to as a promotional mix. A promotional mix can be described as the blend of personal selling, advertising, direct marketing, sales promotion, and public relations a company uses to reach potential customers. (Excellence in Business; Bovà ©e, Thill, Mescon; p.  487) Read MoreA Marxist Understanding Of Society1719 Words   |  7 Pageswill be noted along with its relevance today. Contributing ideas from theorists that went beyond traditional Marxist thinking will also be recognised to engage the reader into a Neo Marxist way of thinking. Karl Marx’s position on crime and law is visible in three separate eras of writings, these are known as the Kantian critique of law, Feuerbachian and Historical Materialism, which was critical of his two-previous works (Cowling, 2011). The views Marx expressed in Kantian were those of a rationalistRead MorePan Europa s Main Issues1602 Words   |  7 Pagesorganisation is dependable. Organizations need to create brand identities which are visible in terms of products, logos, company uniforms. etc. In addition, practical actions such as corporate social responsibility need be taken into account. In Pan-Europa’s case, there has been no approach towards reaching their brand image outwards from their current market. This issue is very urgent to deal with because there is constant changing trends in consumer tastes and preferences. Fabienne Morin, one of theRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc. Essay1575 Words   |  7 Pagesshow visible evidence of excellent financial health. In the second quarter of 2015, the earnings release states that they had set 2nd quarter records. Furthermore, all of the liquidity measurements such as working capital and current ratio support my analysis of good financial standings. Apple has a reputation for innovation – or always coming up with the next best thing. Every new version of a product (e.g. the iPhone) have new features that make it better than the last. With the constant growthRead MoreGender Stereotypes in Advertising and the Media1940 Words   |  8 Pages| Gender Stereotypes in Advertising and the Media | | | | | | According to Surviving for Thriving, a nonprofit organization that helps victims of rape and sexual assault, one out of every six American women has been the victim of an attempted or completed rape in their lifetimes. This means that a total of 17.7 million women have been victims of these crimes. While these numbers may or may not come as a shock to you, the real surprise is where they start (Surviving to Thriving, 2008)

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Tesco Fresh and Easy Free Essays

I believe Tesco: â€Å"Fresh Easy† Supermarkets will be successful. The Fresh Easy name signals the two things it wants shoppers to think of it for: freshness and convenience (Horovitz, 2007). Tesco constantly re-enforces this message on the Fresh Easy Homepage; people want fresh and healthy food choices; they want things to be easy, Tesco provided just that with its line of supermarkets. We will write a custom essay sample on Tesco Fresh and Easy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tesco supermarkets found a niche that United States retailers had not focused on, convenient fast access to fresh, healthy cost affordable natural foods. It is something many Americans have waited years for. As well as being marketed as a Fresh Easy supermarket, it is also marketed as an energy efficient organization which in this age of energy and resource conservation adds to its appeal. The supermarkets utilize efficient equipment in their stores and operations (Recruiting, 2007). Stores are designed to use 30% less energy than typical grocery stores its size, and recycling is a priority. Fresh Easy has been a savior tenant for many developers, eating up 14,000 square foot chunks of old space and dark drug stores (Retail, 2009). Its entrance into the United States was the first time Tesco entered a country without a supercenter format. Tesco did not want to become like Wal-Mart. Tesco launched its United States Operations with a small format neighborhood grocery store under the Fresh Easy name to differentiate its brand from its competitors. The supermarkets are relatively small, at about 10,000 square foot. Fresh Easy stores target customers in low to middle income locations. Tesco is betting that there is a demand for smaller stores closer to home with fewer products, making it easier to find things. The stores are placed near public transportation. Many of them are near or inside underground and railway stations, making it easy for commuters to pop into a store and grab a meal on their way home. Their advertising campaign includes references to environmentally friendly packaging and food free of artificial colors, flavors, and trans fats. The chains buy no TV or newspaper ads. When it enters a market, it mails $5 coupons to area residents. The stores are stocked with big names and in-house brands and offer more prepared entrees and side dishes than typical supermarkets (Semeuls, 2007). Their specialty is in prepared but not frozen foods, everything looks fresh. Everything is nicely repackaged in friendly pastel colors, simple graphics, and lowercase fonts. The stores are not over whelming. They look more modern and sophisticated than most supermarkets. The isles are wide and signs are clearly written. There is bright lighting and an uncluttered feel. Fruits and vegetables are neatly presented. There is an unexpectedly low price on items. Focusing primarily on California at this point, Fresh Easy is approaching the market as a â€Å"critical mass† store strategy in California, Arizona and Nevada. This strategy is to locate a â€Å"critical mass† of stores in a given region, similar to the Starbucks’ Walgreens’ strategy (Fresh, 2008). In doing this, consumer awareness is increased and marketing and advertising costs leveraged. From a positioning standpoint, it attempts to become the logical or defacto neighborhood grocer in the region, in part by virtue of having so many stores in the area (Fresh, 2008). The advancement of web based information technology has been an important catalyst for the recent proliferation of distribution sales channels in food retailing. Although multiple channels enable companies to reach consumers faster and in different market segments, they pose challenges to include channel conflict and pricing policy for the different channels. This could benefit consumers by companies having to reduce prices to stay competitive. American supermarkets have concentrated mainly on trying to make cost out of their supply chains. Goods are moved hundreds of miles to keep them cheap. This has encouraged supermarkets to make two sorts of foods: long lasting i. e. ried, canned, frozen, or otherwise preserved and that which is prepared from raw ingredients on site. British food retailers because stores can be so small that they have to switch from selling sandwiches at lunchtime to selling readymade suppers in the afternoon specialize in regular frequent deliveries to city stores. Their supply chains are more sophisticated. Tesco is an innovator with its supply chain. Tesco built a distribution center. Coupled with partner Wild Rocket Foods, Tesco selected U. S. produce vendors as suppliers. Tesco utilizes trucks with hybrid refrigeration vector units with internal partitions for frozen, chilled and ordinary goods. All Fresh Easy trailers include automatic refrigeration shut-off when optimum temperature is reached inside the cooling chamber as well as a complete engine shut-off once parked at the stores. Electrical stand-by technology minimizes the impact on the environment by using no fuel to run refrigeration units on the trailers while parked at the distribution center. Tesco could replace three deliveries with one. This makes it possible to sell groceries profitably in small stores at supermarket prices. Tesco makes fresh and easy available to the customers, but they also made the customers part of the solution to success. The Tesco scheme mails discount vouchers to customers encouraging them to return. It tracks every purchase to build one of the world’s largest databases. This finds correlations between purchases allowing Tesco to finely tune the product range in each store. I would venture to say that Tesco is on the right track to success with its wide mix of fresh food that is highly customer oriented and very accessible. With the stores in local neighborhoods and at very user friendly cost, these neighborhood targeted stores will succeed. . References Freshandeasy. com (2008). Freshandeasy. com. Viewed at freshandeasy. com February 19, 2009. Fresh Easy Buzz. (2008, March 8). Retrieved February 19, 2009, from http://www. freashneasybuzz. blogspot. com. Horovitz, Bruce (2007 November 08). British grocery chain hits America with fresh ideas. Retrieved February 19, 2009 from https://www. usatoday. com. Recruiting trail at Fresh Easy. 2007, July 22). Retrieved February 19, 2009, from http://www. freshandeasy. com/blog/2007/07/recruiting-trail-at-fresh-easy. html Semuels, Alana. ( November 9, 2007). British food it’s not shoppers find fresh easy a blend of trader joe’s and Ralphs. Retrieved February 17, 2009 from http://articles. latimes. com/2007/nov/09/business/fi-tesco9 RetailChatr; Fresh Easy changing strategy. (2009, February 04). Retrieved February 17, 2009, from http://www. retailc hatr. com/2009/02/04/fresh-easy-changing-strategy How to cite Tesco Fresh and Easy, Papers

Thursday, April 30, 2020

The JFK Assassination Essays (1482 words) - Single-bullet Theory

The JFK Assassination: Conspiracy or Single-gunman? Adolf Hitler, the Nazi dictator of Germany during World War II, once said, The bigger the lie, the more people will believe it. Although this may sound ludicrous, we can see many example of this in the world's history. One example would have to be the John Fitzgerald Kennedy's assassination. For over thirty years the people of the United States were led to believe that a single gunman shot and killed Kennedy in Dallas on November 22, 1963, at 12:30 p.m. Maybe they were wrong. According to the old facts regarding the case of the JFK assassination, a single gunman killed Kennedy. On November 22, 1963, at 12:30 p.m. CST (Central Standard Time), Kennedy was riding in an open limousine through Dallas, Texas. At this time, Kennedy was shot in the head and neck by a sniper. He was then taken to Parkland Memorial Hospital, where he was pronounced dead. Later, police arrested Lee Harvey Oswald, a former U.S. Marine, at a nearby theater. By the next morning, Oswald was booked for the murder of President John F. Kennedy. Two days later, Jack Ruby, a Dallas nightclub owner killed Oswald while he was being moved from the city to the county jail. At a glance, the above story sounds as if this should be an open-and-shut case. After all, according to the facts above, Oswald must have killed Kennedy. However, you must take a closer look at this case. Many people who witnessed the murder of John F. Kennedy dispute the facts above, saying that they heard shots from places besides the book depository and other things that may contradict what is stated above. One of these witnesses, Abraham Zapruder, captured the entire assassination on his Bell and Howell eight-millimeter movie camera. This movie, cleverly called the Zapruder Film, is the single best piece of visual evidence in this case. In order to clearly understand the Zapruder Film, it is necessary to break it down into frames. The particular Bell and Howell movie camera that Zapruder was using ran at eighteen and three-hundredths (18.3) frames per second. When using this frame system, you must remember that all shots were actually fired several frames before the number that is assigned to them. For example, the fatal heard wound, called Z313, was probably fired at Z310, since it took 2-3 frames at 18.3 frames per second for the bullet to reach the victim. Also, you must remember that sound travels at about one thousand-one hundred (1,100) feet per second, or a little over half as fast as the Mannlicher Carcano's bullets. When keeping this in mind, it is expected that witnesses heard the shot at some point after the bullet passed. The following shows a break down of the frames of the Zapruder film: - The Presidential limousine first comes into view at frame 133 (the starting point of this timeline.) - The first shot at (or just before) Z187 would have passed through both Governor Connally and the President. - The second shot, which passed above the limousine at Z284, missed the President and hit the curb near witness James Tague. This caused his minor wound. - At Z313, the fatal shot occurs, which blew out major portions of the Presidents brain and skull. - A fourth shot occurred at Z323 (slightly 1/2 second after the fatal wound at Z313). Due to the proximity of this report to the one at Z313, as well as it's more distant origin, most witnesses were unable to hear this shot. Thus, the above is when the bullets hit either Kennedy or Connally, or passed through the frames of the Zapruder film (in the case of the second shot). Of the one-hundred seventy-eight (178) witnesses at Dealey Plaza, one-hundred thirty-two (132) said that they heard exactly three shots. If Oswald was a single gunman, it would have taken him at least 2.3 seconds to reload his Mannlicher Carcano rifle. However, the general consensus of the witnesses is that they heard a single shot, followed by silence, with the second and third shots bunched together. For example, Lee Bowers, one of the witnesses, testified, I heard three shots, one, then a slight pause, then two very close together. Also, Warren W. Taylor, a Secret Service